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Castling in chess (In Tamil) – This Video particularly explains the Combat Technique in chess game.
Castling in chess :
Castling is a move in the game of chess involving a player’s king and either of the player’s original rooks. It is the only move in chess in which a player moves two pieces in the same move, and it is the only move aside from the knight’s move where a piece can be said to “jump over” another.
Castling is the only time in the game when more than one piece may be moved during a turn. Castling can only occur if there are no pieces standing between the king and the rook. Neither king nor rook may have moved from its original position.
There can be no opposing piece that could possible capture the king in his original square (you cannot castle while you are in check), the square he moves through, or the square that he ends the turn (you cannot castle into check). Castling was invented around the 1500s to speed up the game. In 1561, a book by Ruy Lopez published in Spain mentioned that castling took two moves.
You had to play the rook to king’s bishop one square on one move, then the king to king’s knight one on the next move. At the time, castling seem to be in one move in Italy and France. Up until the mid 19th century, some rules of chess allowed you to castle, followed by moving the h pawn to h3 (pawn to king’s rook three).
The verb castle (to castle) first appeared in a book by Beale in 1656. Earlier words for castling included exchange, change, leap, or shift. The record for the latest castling seems to be on move 48.
Castling is permissible if and only if all of the following conditions hold :
1. The king and the chosen rook are on the player’s first rank.
2. Neither the king nor the chosen rook has previously moved.
3. There are no pieces between the king and the chosen rook.
4. The king is not currently in check.
5. The king does not pass through a square that is attacked by an enemy piece.
6. The king does not end up in check. (True of any legal move.)
Conditions 4 through 6 can be summarized with the more memorable phrase: “One may not castle out of, through, or into check.”
It is a common misperception that the requirements for castling are even more stringent than the above.
To clarify:
•The chosen rook may be under attack.
•The rook may move through an attacked square, provided the king does not. The only such square is the one adjacent to the rook, when castling queenside.
•The king may have been in check earlier in the game (provided the king did not move when resolving the check).
In handicap games where odds of a rook are given, the player giving odds may still castle with the absent rook, moving only the king.
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